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IX. PORT COMPETITION | Port Economics, Management and Policy

IX. PORT COMPETITION

Ports are evolving within a complex competitive environment with various forms of port competition, such as inter-port and intra-port completion. Two parameters are crucial for competition, marketing and pricing. While marketing underlines the relationships that a port establishes with its customers, pricing remains a determining factor. Conditions for enhancing port competition are of strategic importance, including the potential of lowering entry barriers in port operations.