![intra_port_competition_strategies | Port Economics, Management and Policy](https://i0.wp.com/porteconomicsmanagement.org/wp-content/uploads/intra_port_competition_strategies.png?resize=900%2C401&ssl=1)
Source: Adapted from: De Langen P.W. and Pallis A.A. (2006). The benefits of intra-port competition. International Journal of Transport Economics, 33(1), 69-85.
The figure shows available policy options to introduce intra-port competition and strategies to prevent excess rent-seeking by port service providers.