
The rise of and diversity in global terminal operators has a structural impact on the port industry. As terminal operators move towards better integration of terminals in supply chains and shipping lines, they acquire container terminal assets worldwide. Leading terminal operating companies are developing diverging strategies toward controlling larger parts of the supply chain. Terminal operators mainly come from three main backgrounds:
- A. Stevedores. Terminal operation is a key activity but is often delivered as part of wider logistics services, including inland distribution.
- B. Carrier-linked. Maritime shipping is the core business, and investments in container terminals are part of a carrier’s logistics integration.
- C. Holdings. Financial assets management is the core business, and investments in container terminals are used for valuation and revenue generation.