Port terminals, including container terminals, are composed of integrated infrastructure and superstructure systems. The construction, maintenance, and upgrade of these elements require substantial capital investment.
- Land reclamation works, including capital dredging and maintenance dredging of access channels and basins.
- Quay-wall construction and maintenance.
- Apron, mooring equipment and fenders.
- Paving of the terminal, including yards and roads.
- On-terminal rail facilities (yards and spurs) (optional).
- Terminal handling equipment (ship-to-shore cranes, yard equipment, etc.).
- Electric installations and wiring.
- Telecommunication installations and wiring.
- Warehouses and technical buildings.
- Fencing and video surveillance (port security).
- Truck gates and inspection.
- Office buildings.
- Environmental mitigation (noise and emission standards abatements).