Terminals and terminal operators maintain a complex portfolio that is usually acquired through concessions and land leases. Forms of terminal funding and the financialization of terminal operations are also essential to terminal development. Port labor remains a fundamental issue for terminal operations, performance, and overall port competitiveness. It is challenged by changing market requirements, which result in dock labor reform and adaptations in working practices. The construction of port terminals is related to ship and terminal demand characteristics, including nautical access conditions, quay walls, and terminal layout and equipment.