Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy. World Bank for population data. In million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE).
Global energy consumption underscores the enduring prevalence of fossil fuels, with limited change as overall consumption increases while per capita energy intensity declines. As of 2023, coal, oil, and natural gas accounted for 82% of energy consumption, compared to 86% in 2000. Renewables (including hydroelectric) have increased from a negligible share to around 7.5% in 2024.
At the global level, there is no apparent energy transition, as fossil fuel consumption has increased, while the growth of alternatives remains robust but comparatively small. This underscores that there is substantial room for decarbonization, but the transition is unlikely to occur in the short term without major disruptions to energy costs and availability. These figures show substantial geographical variation, as European countries have undergone a transition, with the share of fossil fuels declining in both absolute and relative terms.