Source: Port Authorities.
The North American hinterland usually involves long distances, which is related to the higher role of rail transportation, particularly in comparison with Europe. Still, there are substantial variations in the modal split of ports, which is attributable to their hinterland. The differences between East Coast and West Coast port hinterlands are noticeable. Ports such as New York, Hampton Roads, Houston, and Savannah are mostly servicing an immediate hinterland, implying a higher share of trucking. San Pedro Bay ports (Los Angeles and Long Beach), Seattle, and Vancouver have a much higher share of rail, particularly since they serve as gateways to inland markets.