Source: Adapted from: Vanlaer N., et al. (2022), 100% Operational! An organizational resilience perspective on ports as critical infrastructures, Case Studies on Transport Policy, 10, 1, 57-65,
Targeting either illicit trade or capturing the governance of ports via various tactics, organised crime groups pose a significant threat to port performance by exerting disruptive influence across policy, economic, and operational domains. Their involvement not only jeopardises the institutional legitimacy and reputation of ports but also diminishes their attractiveness as places of employment and may hinder the execution of strategic objectives. From an economic standpoint, profitability can be adversely affected through both a decline in operational efficiency and the imposition of extortion-related costs. Moreover, the necessity of investing in preventive measures to combat illicit activities further increases financial burdens on port authorities and stakeholders.
Operational disruptions are also evident, as the implementation of security protocols and the involvement of law enforcement agencies can lead to measurable reductions in terminal efficiency. Furthermore, the potential for social unrest as a by-product of organised criminal activity cannot be discounted and warrants consideration in risk assessments and mitigation planning.
To effectively address these challenges, macro-level policy interventions should be complemented by targeted, port-specific measures. These include the enhancement of surveillance and identification capabilities, the cultivation of trust-based relationships among port actors, and the optimisation of operational routines. The implementation of context-appropriate, evidence-based solutions is critical to reducing the influence of organised crime and preserving the integrity and performance of port operations.